- 2008-05-22 (木) 11:04
- The 授業リンク
◆
PISAの読解力
言わずもがなであるが、OECDが2000年度より実施しているPISA(学習到達度調査)で、日本の読解力が低下していることは周知の事実。
経済活動や社会の仕組みが日本国内で完結し機能しているのであれば、実はなんら気にする必要がない。でも、そうではたちゆかなくなっている事情があるから“世界標準”に位置するPISAを気にする。
教育の現場でもそれを意識した授業実践が行われていたりする。例えば、読売教育ルネサンスの
という記事ではマイクロディベートの実践が詳細されているが、行っている加々本裕紀(ゆき)教諭によれば、
「説得力とは、強い語調などではなく、明確な結論、客観的な根拠、論の一貫性であることを、説明しなくても生徒たちが理解している」
という。つまり、土台が既にあるから成り立つ。
ちなみに「説得力」は英語で「persuasion」。
これは、ディベートであろうと論文であろうといつでも「キーワード」として大学の授業ではつきまとっていた。基本なのだ。
◆ジグソー法の意味
個人的な経験からだが、「説得力」の論理的展開をするための土台を「阿吽」のコミュニケーションだけから「意識化・明確化・見える化」するのはなかなか難しいと感じる。
だが(「説得力」に限らず)、お互いに物事を伝え、理解し、話し合うときに、バックグランドが全然違う状況下でさえ通じる共通のフォーマットがあればそれに即して進めていける。
そういう意味ではジグソー法のようにプロセスを見える化した方法論はわかりやすい。つまり、日本人が対象でなくとも決められたルールと手法のなかで行えば成立してしまうのだから。
特にルールに「短時間で切る」ことが多々あったが、あれもESLでは普通。
短時間で切ることによって「優先順位」と「視点」と「もっと語りたいというモチベーション」をあげることができ、なおかつ共通のフォーマットを共有することができてしまう。
もし、一人一人の言いたいことを時間制限なしに言い尽くすまで行っていたらチーム内のコミュニケーションのウェイトバランスが崩れ、グループワークの意味も薄くなり、コミュニケーションから発生する新しい発想は生まれづらくなってしまう。
またチーム内で自然と発生するロールプレイが予想通りのものになってしまい、各々メンバーが「あれ、この人、こんな一面もあったのか」という発見にもつながりにくい。
ゆえに、ジグソー法の方法論はきっかけとしてはとても効果的だと感じる。
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